6 5 Compound X is a component of synthetic oils used as lubricants, for instance in the gearboxes of ships. O O OH OH compound X (a) Name the three functional groups present in compound X. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) The effectiveness of this synthetic oil is much reduced if it is contaminated with water. Give, in terms of a chemical reaction, a possible reason for this. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Turn over 7 (c) An alternative to synthetic oil is known as mineral oil and consists solely of hydrocarbons separated from crude oil. (i) What is the name of the process used to separate different hydrocarbons from crude oil? (1) A cracking B reforming C fractional distillation D heating under reflux (ii) Explain why compound X is likely to have a higher boiling temperature than hydrocarbons of a similar molecular mass and shape. A detailed description of how the intermolecular forces arise is not required. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)